引言

HTTP通信离不开对象的序列化和反序列化。通过序列化技术,可以跨语言实现数据的传输,将对象转换为字节序列,然后在网络上传送;通过反序列化,可以将字节序列转换为对象。 基本原理和网络通信是一致的,通过特殊的编码方式,写入数据将对象以及其内部数据编码,存在在数组或者文件里面然后发送到目的地后,在进行解码,读出数据。

protostuff

protostuff是Google出品的一种轻量并且高效的结构化数据存储格式,性能比 JSONXML 要高很多。

之所以性能如此好,主要得益于两个:第一,它使用 proto 编译器,自动进行序列化和反序列化,速度非常快,应该比 XMLJSON 快上了 20~100 倍;第二,它的数据压缩效果好,就是说它序列化后的数据量体积小。因为体积小,传输起来带宽和速度上会有优化。

详细效率对比可参考:java序列化/反序列化之xstream、protobuf、protostuff 的比较与使用例子

maven依赖

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<dependency>
<groupId>io.protostuff</groupId>
<artifactId>protostuff-runtime</artifactId>
<version>1.6.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.protostuff</groupId>
<artifactId>protostuff-core</artifactId>
<version>1.6.0</version>
</dependency>

继承父类方式

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public interface CanProto {

byte[] toProto();

void fromProto(byte[] bytes);
}
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public class ProtoBase implements CanProto, Serializable {
@Override
public byte[] toProto() {
Schema schema = RuntimeSchema.getSchema(getClass());
return ProtobufIOUtil.toByteArray(this, schema, LinkedBuffer.allocate(256));
}
@Override
public void fromProto(byte[] bytes) {
Schema schema = RuntimeSchema.getSchema(getClass());
ProtobufIOUtil.mergeFrom(bytes, this, schema);
}
}

此方式可以使用Javabean继承ProtoBase类实现序列化。

ProtostuffUtil工具类方式

ProtostuffUtil.java

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import io.protostuff.LinkedBuffer;
import io.protostuff.ProtobufIOUtil;
import io.protostuff.ProtostuffIOUtil;
import io.protostuff.Schema;
import io.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeSchema;

public class ProtostuffUtil {
public ProtostuffUtil() {
}

public static <T> byte[] serializer(T o) {
Schema schema = RuntimeSchema.getSchema(o.getClass());
return ProtobufIOUtil.toByteArray(o, schema, LinkedBuffer.allocate(256));
}

public static <T> T deserializer(byte[] bytes, Class<T> clazz) {

T obj = null;
try {
obj = clazz.newInstance();
Schema schema = RuntimeSchema.getSchema(obj.getClass());
ProtostuffIOUtil.mergeFrom(bytes, obj, schema);
} catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return obj;
}
}

测试bean

Student.java

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import io.protostuff.Tag;

public class Student {

// 关于@Tag,要么所有属性都有@Tag注解,要么都没有,不能一个类中只有部分属性有@Tag注解
@Tag(1)
private String name;
@Tag(2)
private String studentNo;
@Tag(3)
private int age;
@Tag(4)
private String schoolName;
@Tag(5)
private Gender gender;

public String getName() {
return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public String getStudentNo() {
return studentNo;
}

public void setStudentNo(String studentNo) {
this.studentNo = studentNo;
}

public int getAge() {
return age;
}

public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}

public String getSchoolName() {
return schoolName;
}

public void setSchoolName(String schoolName) {
this.schoolName = schoolName;
}

public Gender getGender() {
return gender;
}

public void setGender(Gender gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", studentNo='" + studentNo + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", schoolName='" + schoolName + '\'' +
", gender=" + gender +
'}';
}
}

enum Gender {
MAIL(1, "MAIL"),
FEMAIL(2, "FEMAIL");
private Integer order;
private String gender;

Gender(int order, String gender) {
this.order = order;
this.gender = gender;
}

public Integer getOrder() {
return order;
}

public String getGender() {
return gender;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
return "Gender{" +
"order=" + order +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
'}';
}
}

test类

ProtostuffUtilTest.java

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import java.util.Arrays;

public class ProtostuffUtilTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student = new Student();
student.setName("rainbowhorse");
student.setAge(24);
student.setStudentNo("20112214010");
student.setSchoolName("ZNMZDX");
student.setGender(Gender.MAIL);
byte[] serializerResult = ProtostuffUtil.serializer(student);
System.out.println("serializer result:" + Arrays.toString(serializerResult));
Student deSerializerResult = ProtostuffUtil.deserializer(serializerResult, Student.class);
System.out.println("deSerializerResult:" + deSerializerResult.toString());
}
}

输出

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serializer result:[10, 12, 114, 97, 105, 110, 98, 111, 119, 104, 111, 114, 115, 101, 18, 11, 50, 48, 49, 49, 50, 50, 49, 52, 48, 49, 48, 24, 24, 34, 6, 90, 78, 77, 90, 68, 88, 40, 0]
deSerializerResult:Student{name='rainbowhorse', studentNo='20112214010', age=24, schoolName='ZNMZDX', gender=Gender{order=1, gender='MAIL'}}